The concept phase will be initiated at the same time as the environmental phase is initiated. The goal during the concept phase is to establish the purpose and need for the project as well as design standards. Furthermore, possible alignment alternatives are evaluated and ranked based on environmental impacts, functional considerations, and costs.

Once the concept is approved, the preliminary design phase begins. This phase consists of studies and information gathering that will be required for further environmental studies and final design. Such studies include geotechnical reports, hydrology/hydraulics studies, and the evaluation of structural requirements (for bridges, box culverts, and other structures).

Final design consists of preparing detailed plans for the proposed roadway and any proposed structures.

These plans, along with specifications (contract documents) and a construction cost estimate are then prepared for bidding purposes. The PS&E package preparation cannot begin until the environmental and right-of-way approvals have been obtained.